Assess the role of Lend-lease in securing Allied victory Essay

Assess the role of Lend-lease in securing Allied victory - Essay Example However, the trigger for the development of the Act was the position of Germany in Europe. Germany had conquered France and had thus completed the conquest of mainland Europe and had broken its peace agreement with Britain by attacking it. Although the Royal Air force had proved a key force in defending the country in the Battle of Britain, the war machinery of the country had weakened and it was struggling to hold its position. Germany was consolidating its position in Europe and was preparing to attack the Soviet Union. Background The allied powers of Britain and France remained passive in spite of the growth of the German war machinery. In fact, they remained quite even after Czechoslovakia was attacked and attempted to protect their immediate interests. Britain and France declared war on Germany when it attacked Poland however France fell into German hands soon after. America was able to maintain its non – involvement through its physical isolation. President Roosevelt tim e and again stressed that it was not their war and intended to stay away from it. Subsequently, when war reached the shores of the British mainland, the United States began to act and President Roosevelt called for a legislation to ‘Promote the Defense of the United States’. Although it took many months for the act to come into motion, the terms took shape much earlier. The Lend – Lease Act which provided supplies to the USSR was much more complicated and took more time. However, Britain had initiated help to the USSR much before the United States and supplied a small but significant number of tanks and aircrafts in 1941 – 42. Sensing that the German offensive had begun to weaken on the eastern front, the United States became more involved in its aid to the USSR. Hence, a significant amount of American aid to Russia followed only after the victories of the Red Army on the eastern front. Lend – Lease Act The Lend - Lease Act was approved by the US Co ngress on 11th March 1941. It was the arrangement through which all war supplies that included food, machinery and other services apart from weapons were transferred to nations whose security was considered important to the security of the US. The Lend – Lease Act also gave powers to the President of the United States to decide the terms of repayment and also decide on the time period up to which the recipient nations would receive aid, mentioned in the act as "The terms and conditions upon which any such foreign government receives any aid authorized under subsection (a) shall be those which the President deems satisfactory, and the benefit to the United States may be payment or repayment in kind or property, or any other direct or indirect benefit which the President deems satisfactory" (Lend - Lease Act, 1941). The Act contained only 11 sections but it would prove to have a wide ranging impact at the time and beyond since many of the clauses gave the President a great deal of power. Unspecified powers were given to the President in terms of support that could be extended through the act. Lend – Lease activities continued not only between the US and other allied nations but also between the allied nations themselves such as Britain and the USSR, etc. However, the United States was the main contributor to the other nations and by mid 1945, when it was

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector 1. Introduction Fundamentally, banking is a process that help the people to solve the problem in financial, for instance DBS. The term â€Å"finance† sector is the regulatory framework that permit transactions to be made by incurring and settling debts (Parkin, 2014). Banking and finance means a lot in Singapore economy as it helps the Singapore economy to growth gradually over the last one and a half decades. Besides, the economy of Singapore become the strongest among the Asian (Top 10 most competitive economies in Asia-Pacific | World Economic Forum, 2015). Most of the bank are earning profit by charging interest on money that the bank lend and by trading financial instruments in the financial markets (Risksandrewards.org.uk, 2015). Thus, almost every bank is seeking the rich person and give them the best offer and try to persuade them to save the money in their bank. 2. Contribution to the national economy 2.1 Job Market Basically, job market implies the employer looking for employee and the employee that is looking for jobs. Whether the job market grow or shrink, it is depends on the labour demand and supply within the long-term economy. (Investopedia, 2010). Job market has help Singapore economy, according to Ministry of Manpower report, the jobs that available has risen to 67,400 and it is the highest level in six years (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2015). The jobs help the citizens and foreign workers to get the job more easily in Singapore, thus, the unemployment rate also has been decreased steadily (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). Moreover, the banking and finance sector help the SMEs with provide loan as much as possible and once the SMEs expanded their business and it will let the Singapore economy become more stable. 2.2 Local Financial institution investing offshores projects The primary transaction of local financial institution is dealing with financial transaction, for example, deposits, loans and investments. Practically, everybody has deal with financial institution all the time. Everything from keeping cash to taking out loans and exchange currencies must be done through financial institutions (Investopedia, 2006). Singapore have to build up the local financial institution so that Singapore itself able to invest the offshore project. Thus, the economy of Singapore will go steadily. Singapore has to use it advantage which is longstanding position as a main trading hub in the Southeast Asia, so that Singapore allow to proceed with the projects. The strategy which Singapore used has promote and develop the strategy to let Singapore to become offshore trading hub for the import and export for the foreign currency. By that time, Singapore foreign exchange market has been inseparable. Thusly the banking and finance service sector has been becoming emphati cally as the year goes through with the enormous economic growth that the Singapore is encountering. Growth in the foreign exchange market has surpass the economy in Singapore and it served to create a lot of worldwide banking institutions. For instance, Singapore leading the global marine and offshore engineering market (Singapore Economic Development Board Investing Business in Singapore, 2015). 2.3 Financing SME SME is extremely important to the Singapore economy said by Finance Minister Tharman (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) announced a series of measures to enhance support for SME to restructure and achieve quality growth. Furthermore, the government will enhance support the SME in the areas of productivity, innovation and capabilities upgrading in order to boost their capabilities and remain the competency between the SME (Mti.gov.sg, 2015). In additional, SMEs are important to economy of Singapore as they make up 99% enterprises, said by MR Tan Ser Luck. As Singapore is a small domestic market, so the SMEs need to take risk abroad relatively in the development in order to grow and there are approximately 74% of the SMEs export the goods and services (News.gov.sg, 2015). 3. Challenge facing by this sectors in present and future 3.1 Government regulation and deregulation Government regulation which means that the law that pass down from government is to control business in order to protect the consumers interest and government institute regulatory law. In contrast, deregulation means government rules and law is removed (Everyday Life Global Post, 2015). There are a ton of regulation that they have to follow all together for the sector to growth in the economy. Without inputting the regulation to sectors, most of the consumer will not be protected if the business has an unscrupulous activity. Banking and finance services sector will face challenges if deregulation happen and it will wind up have confusion in the economy. To keep chaos from occuring in the Singapore economy, it is a difficulties for the government to turn out with the laws and laws for this sector. 3.2 Shortage of skill talent Deficiency of skill talent defined as there is not enough of skill and talented people to help the firm to gain profit by using less employee making more yield. According to the secondary data, runs a business effectively, almost 45% of employers believe that if want a business runs effectively, the skilled talent deficiency is the potential people. Hays done a surveyed of the bosses represent to the employees and it had also figured out that banking and finance services sector is one of the troublesome expert to hire the employees (Hays.com.sg, 2015). According to Hays deficiency of skilled talent may influence the operation and growth of the association. This has additionally indicate the employers in the association to be inventive to attract more employees in this divisions. 3.3 Cyber-crime Basically, Cyber-crime are people utilizing distinctive sort of electronic devices to admonish, affront or login to unauthorised system to abuse the information without authority permission. In Singapore, cyber-crime is one of the difficulties confronting by the banking and finance service division in light of the fact that annual crime brief in 2014 cyber-crime exercises has increment by 1149 cases to make an aggregate of 1659 cases. By contrast, with year 2013 which just have 510 cases. In this cyber-crime it also incorporate crime cyber-extortion, web adoration trick are some of the fabulous crime that are hard to control that why this is one of the difficulties that is face by banking and financial service sector as all this cyber-crime include huge measure of cash being scam (SPF, 2015). 4. Strategic planning by this sectors in the present and future 4.1 Training and Education Due to the shortage of skill and talented employee, training and education is the best planning. The employer send the underperformance employees for training in order to upgrade themselves and learn to be more skilful at the same time while education is send the employees to advance study to gain more knowledge and get a better and higher qualification so can get the banking and finance job. In the banking and finance sector, it required extensive knowledge and skilled so that can produce the good work easily. Banking and finance are very competency as this sector get the very high salary and that’s why government always encourage the firm to send their employees for training to let them be more professional so that it can build up the national economy in Singapore. 4.2 Security and Regulation Security and Regulation is a certificate and all the rules and regulation of the company are stated in the certificate. Singapore government has created the security and regulation in order to preserve the economy and the external intimidation to come into Singapore (Acharya, 2008). Furthermore, security and regulation can preserve the national interest. Therefore, every single rules and regulation has a huge impact for every country and the government have to set it carefully. 5. Conclusion Banking and finance is essential to every country as it will impact the economy of the country. In Singapore, Monetary Authority of Singapore support this sector by setting rules and regulations to supervise the financial institutions. The purpose is to make sure every financial institution abide rules and regulations and hope that this banking and finance sector will create more jobs for and build the Singapore economy stable and better, and have a bright future.

Effective Punishment in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarle

Effective Punishment in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne, Author of The Scarlet Letter, criticizes that the style of punishment used by the Puritan Religion was radical, inhumane, and cold. He argues that the outcome of their punishments' was damaging to the characters and their personality. However, this accusation is false. The punishments although seemingly inhumane, caused positive outcomes for all three characters Hester Prynne, Pearl Prynne, and Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester Prynne is accused of adultery in a Massachusetts puritan colony in the 1600's. (Hawthorne, 49) Although Hawthorne argues that Hester Prynne was hardened both socially and physically by puritan punishment, the outcome makes her more independent and stronger as a person. She begins to aid the less fortunate, sick, and poor in her community. "so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman's strength." (Hawthorne, 148). The community begins to accept her as a humanitarian, and realize that she is actually a very giving and strong willed person (The Scarlet Letter). Hester begins to think more independ...

How Xerophytes Are Adapted for Water Loss Essay

Biology essay: describe the adaptations shown by xerophytes to reduce water loss A Xerophyte is a type of plant that is well adapted to water. Water loss is something that is very bad for the plants if the ratio of water lost to water taken in is too drastic. The cells may lose their turgidity and may even submit to plasmolysis, which will result in the plant wilting and eventually dying. Water loss via transpiration (loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant due to evaporation) is fundamentally inevitable due to the fact that plants exchange gases with the atmosphere, via their stomata-the pores in a leafs epidermis . The bad aspect of this is the fact that the plants must photosynthesise in order to acquire the energy vital for their survival; for this exchange to occur the plant must be able to allow the gases in and out of the leaves, and to do this the stomata must open, meaning that water can be lost due to the opening of an exit, and also the change in the water va pour potential gradient. Water potential is the measure of the tendency/ability of water to move freely in a solution. Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential, and this is what causes the water vapour in the plant to be lost to the outside atmosphere, due to the difference in the water potential gradient, and we call this â€Å"moving along the water potential gradient†. If the water potential outside the plant was higher than the water potential inside the plant, then the plant would absorb water vapour rather than lose it, but because of the extreme weather conditions, and the difference in water potential the plant loses rather than gains water. The potential of water vapour is the same concept, and simply means the same thing but in terms of the gaseous form of water. Most plants can reduce water loss by structural and behavioural adaptations such as: * A waxy cuticle on the leaf will reduce water loss due to evaporation through the epidermis * The stom ata are often found on the undersurface of leaves, not on the top surface- this reduces the evaporation due to direct heating from the sun * Most stomata are closed at night, when there is no light for photosynthesis * Deciduous plants lose their leaves in winter, when the ground may be frozen (making water less available) and when temperatures may be too low for photosynthesis. However although xerophytes do execute these adaptations, they also have a number of adaptations specific to their own requirements that reduce the rate of water loss. Firstly, the surface area. Xerophytes have much smaller leaves, often shaped like needles. This reduces the surface area of the leaves significantly; hence the total leaf surface area is also reduced. This means that there is a much smaller area for the water vapour to escape from, this works well because the smaller the surface area, the smaller the quantity of water that can escape, therefore the less water lost. The thorn like structures reduce the area exposed for transpiration. Pine trees are prime examples of this, as they have small needle-shaped â€Å"leaves† that h ave a small surface area, therefore are able to retain more water as a result, because less of the area is exposed, and so transpiration cannot occur as abundantly. Next, includes the way mesophyll, the spongy inner tissue of a leaf that is composed of loosely arranged cells of irregular shape, is densely packed together. This reduces the cell surface area that is exposed to the air inside the leaves, meaning that the space for water to have access to is reduced, because the cells are more compact, thus creating a sealed wall where water cannot escape into and less water will evaporate into the leaf air spaces as a result, hence reducing the rate of water loss. A third factor of xerophytes that they have adapted themselves to include the waxy cuticle, which appears on all plants, is a lot thicker than the typical cuticle. The waxiness reduces evaporation further, particularly cuticular transpiration, where water escapes from fissures through the cuticle. This is because the cuticle, found at the epidermal (outermost) layer of cells, is made up of a complex formula of waxy substances known as Cutin, which acts sort of like a waterproof layer to p revent the loss of water from the surface cells, therefore reducing the amount of water that could be lost to the atmosphere. Fourthly, closing the stomata when water availability is low will reduce water loss and so reduce the need to take up water. This is because when the stomata is open for various reasons including gas exchange, water can escape from the openings made by the stomata, this is bad or a plant like a xerophyte which wants to retain as much after as possible, therefore keeping the stomata closed as much as possible increases the plants chances of retaining water, particularly when water is scarce. Next, hairs on the surface of the leaf trap a layer of air close to the surface. This air can become saturated with moisture and will reduce the diffusion of water vapour out through the stomata. This is because the gradient of the water vapour potential between the inside of the leaf and the outside has been reduced, for if there is a â€Å"barrier† of water between the inside of the cell and the out, then the gradient of water potential is significantly reduced, because the difference in water potential is less, hence water will not want to move from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential. Pits containing stomata at their base also trap air that can become saturated with water vapour, and so also reduce the rate of water loss. This will reduce the gradient in the water vapour potential between inside and outside the lea, so reducing loss by diffusion. Behavioural aspects of adaptations that xerophytes achieve include rolling their leaves up so that the lower epidermis is not exposed to the atmosphere which can trap air that becomes saturated. This is another way to reduce or even eliminate the water potential gradient. Another point to make is that some plants have a low water potential inside their leaf cells. This is achieved by maintaining a high salt concentration in the cells. The low water potential reduces the evaporation o water from the cell surfaces as the water potential gradient between the cells and the leaf air spaces is reduced. An excellent example of a xerophyte is marram grass. A dense green plant with protruding spikes that appears in tufts, which you often see dotted along the coastal scenery. Its principal habitat is sand dunes and the conditions are very severe and can be particularly brutal at times, with winds and salty, dry terrain. The features described above mirror a lot of the characteristics that marram grass possess, such as rolling up its leaves to trap air inside as well as a thick waxy cuticle to reduce water evaporation rom surface cells, and hence is a very good example of a xerophyte. In conclusion, xerophytes are very durable plants that have adapted exceedingly well to living in such harsh conditions. Their features allow them to retain water incredibly well, and that provides them with an advantage to living in places such as the desert in comparison with a normal plant.

Consider the marriage proposals in Essay

Consider the marriage proposals in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† and what we learned about the characters and the early 19th Century society in which they lived in. During â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† there are six examples of marriage proposals to consider. Throughout this essay I am going to be commenting on the proposals between Mr Darcy and Lizzie the first time, Mr Collins and Lizzie, Mr Collins and Charlotte as well as Mr Bingley and Jane, Wickham and Lydia and the second proposal of Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Whilst looking at these proposals I will also be analysing the aspects of Love, Money, the relative status and class and the views of others, which might have influence within these proposals. The first proposal I am going to analyse is Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Mr Darcy proposed to Lizzie in Kent at Mr Collins and Charlotte’s house when Lizzie was visiting them for a few weeks and Mr Darcy was staying with Lady Catherine De Bourgh, his aunt. Mr Darcy and Lizzie were first acquainted with one another at Netherfield’s, which is the neighbouring estate to Longbourne, Lizzie’s family house. They met at a ball, which was held by the new lodger Mr Bingley at Netherfield’s, and Mr Darcy was there as a friend of Mr Bingley’s who hosting the ball for his new arrival to the village. Lizzie and Darcy didn’t get on at first as Lizzie thought he was arrogant and unsociable. But Mr Darcy’s dislike for Lizzie gradually grew to love for her. It seems that the continuation of this dislike was all a cover for his real feelings as he did not want to love or marry a woman who was beneath him in every state, money and status and especially the views of others would of discouraged him to act upon his feelings for Lizzie as he was thought of as much more superior to Lizzie and her family and at that time it was thought of as wrong or unheard of to marry someone beneath you. Mr Darcy did not only hide his feelings from Lizzie he also tried to hide them from himself. Mr Darcy gets to a stage where he cant avoid his feelings for Lizzie anymore so he decides to act upon them because Lizzie is so beneath him he assumes that Lizzie will have no other option but to accept his proposal as he feels that she can’t resist him as he has enough money and class to set her up for life. Mr Darcy says to Lizzie. â€Å"In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings for you cannot be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.† However to Mr Darcy’s surprise Lizzie refuses his proposal as she will only marry for love and she doesn’t love Mr Darcy and she also is outraged with Mr Darcy at the insults towards her family. Just before the proposal Lizzie also found out that Mr Darcy had separated her sister and her love, Mr Bingley by persuading him to move back to London, which infuriates Lizzie even more. Lizzie says to Mr Darcy. â€Å"You are mistaken, Mr Darcy, if you suppose that he mode of your declaration affected me in any other way, than as it spared me the concern which I might have felt in refusing you, had you behaved in a more gentlemen like manner.† This quotation showed how much Lizzie really despised him at that moment in time by questioning his gentlemen like manner, which was a big thing for men in those days. The second proposal I am going to look at is Mr Collin’s to Lizzie. Mr Collin’s proposed to Lizzie at Longbourne, the family estate. Mr Collins was a clergyman to Lady Catherine De Bourgh. Mr Collins asked Lizzie to marry him as Lady Catherine De Bourgh requested him too and as he is a clergyman he is expected to marry. Mr Collin’s also wants to marry her for the sake of her family, as Mr Collin’s is the closest male relative to Mr Bennet being his cousin, which meant that when Mr Bennet died Mr Collin’s would inherit Longbourne estate and Mrs Bennet and the girls would be kicked out of their own house so by marrying Lizzie they would become a proper family meaning he wouldn’t have to kick the rest of the Bennet family out. Mr Collins goes into the kitchen to talk to Lizzie. Lizzie knows Mr Collin’s will try and propose to her so she tries to get out of being alone with him but Mrs Bennet orders Lizzie to stay and talk to Mr Collins. Mr Collins tries to get Lizzie’s attention but Lizzie is trying desperately not to acknowledge him. â€Å"Believe me, my dear Miss Elizabeth, that your modesty so far from doing you any disserve, rather adds to your perfections.† Mr Collins takes Lizzie’s resistance the wrong way as he thinks Lizzie is trying to be modest where as Lizzie is actually trying to get out of this proposal before Mr Collin’s makes anymore a fool of himself. Even still Mr Collins carries on with the proposal assuming that Lizzie will accept his hand in marriage. Lizzie then says after much need for an answer. † You are too hasty- you forget I have made no answer.† Lizzie has become very irritated by Mr Collins at this stage, but Mr Collins is still not happy with this answer so he goes to find Mrs Bennet. Mr Collins explains the situation to Mrs Bennet and she is furious with Lizzie for turning down his marriage proposal and tries to reassure Mr Collins that she will change her mind. â€Å"Lizzie shall be brought to reason. I will speak to her about it myself directly. She is a very headstrong foolish girl and does not know her own interest, but I will make her know it.† This quotation shows how infuriated Mrs Bennet is with Lizzie as she turned down such an opportunity. Mrs Bennet is a very shallow woman as she wants her daughters married off as soon as possible because in those days it was thought the sooner all your daughters were married the better they were brought up or the more successful mother you had been. Mrs Bennet speaks to Lizzie about it but she is persistent she doesn’t want to marry Mr Collins, as she does not love him, she doesn’t have any affection for him. Mrs Bennet talks to Mr Bennet about the proposal to try and get Lizzie to marry Mr Collin’s but Mr Bennet is also against the wedding. In this proposal money doesn’t really play a part as Lizzie and Mr Collins are of about the same wealth. Love plays no role, as neither of them loves another although Mr Collin’s has great affection for Lizzie. Status plays a minuet role as Mr Collins has contacts, which are high up in society, but this is not enough for Lizzie. The views of others plays the biggest role in this proposal as Mr Collins only looked for a wife in the first place as he was told to be his patron, Lady Catherine De Bourgh. Mrs Bennet also was for the wedding, as she wanted her daughter to be married. The third proposal is Mr Collins to Charlotte. Mr Collins proposes to Charlotte as he wanted a wife and was turned down by Lizzie. He wants a wife because his patron, Lady Catherine De Bourgh requested him to get one, who is not too rich or pretty just a nice friendly woman who she can get along with and invite over for tea or dinner. After the refusal from Lizzie Mr Collins felt awkward staying with the Bennet’s so when he was invited to stay with Charlotte and her family who was Lizzie’s best friend he jumped at the chance. Charlotte was very happy about the new arrangements, as she was 27 years old and not married so in those days she was considered as ‘ on the shelf ‘ which meant this could be her last chance of marriage. Mr Collins proposed to Charlotte at Lucas Lodge, her family home. Charlotte accepted without any hesitation and couldn’t wait to make her news known. She went to tell her best friend, Lizzie first but Lizzie didn’t approve, as she knew her friend did not love him but Charlotte aired her opinions to her. â€Å"I am not romantic, you know, I never was I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr Collin’s character, connections and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast when entering the marriage state.† This quotation proves that Charlotte did not marry Mr Collins for love she married him for security. Lizzie is not satisfied with this but congratulates her still. When Mrs Bennet hears the news doesn’t believe it as she still thinks Mr Collins still wants to marry Lizzie. † God Lord! Sir William, how can you tell such a story? Do you not know that Mr Collin’s wants to marry Lizzie.† Mrs Bennet is very upset that Mr Collin’s has got engaged to Charlotte rather than Lizzie. In this proposal love doesn’t play any role for either of them and status doesn’t as they are of about the same class although Mr Collin’s has higher society connections than Charlotte. Money doesn’t influence the marriage, as there are both of about the same wealth where as the influence of others does as he is told be his patrons to find a wife. The next proposal I am going to analyse is Mr Bingley to Jane. Mr Bingley and Jane where a love match from the beginning of the book, when Mr Bingley moved into Netherfields, the neighbouring estate to Longbourne. Their love was blossoming until his best friend Mr Darcy talked Mr Bingley as he felt it was in his best interest. But Mr Bingley and Jane were united again when Mr Darcy saw the error of his ways, thanks to Lizzie Jane’s sister. The proposal took place in Longbourne estate. Mr Bingley after a few visits since after moving back asks Jane to take his hand in marriage however the actual proposal is not written in the book. Jane is ecstatic about the news and tells Lizzie. â€Å"I am certainly the most fortunate creature that ever existed! Oh Lizzy, why am I thus singled from my family, and blessed above them all! If I could but see you as happy!† This quotation shows how happy Jane is about the marriage but it also shows even though she is so happy she is still sparing thought for her family, as she wants them to be as happy as she is. In this proposal love plays a very big role as that is what drives the relationship forward to marriage, status doesn’t play a role although Mr Bingley is of a much higher class than Jane I think their love for each other conquers this. Money doesn’t play a role in this, as Jane isn’t interested in his money even though he has much more wealth than her. The influence of others does help them as everyone is for the marriage as they can see the true love between them. After Mr Bingley has left Jane speaks to her father about the marriage. â€Å"Jane I congratulate you. You will be a very happy woman.† This quotation proves the support for the wedding from Jane’s family and it also proves that Mr Bennet has great admiration for Mr Bingley. The next proposal I am going to analyse is Wickham and Lydia. Lydia and Wickham run away together. Wickham is only interested in Lydia because he had been turned down by many woman as they realised he was only after their wealth but with Lydia it is different she doesn’t have any money. He run away with Lydia because he wanted someone young he could have a good time with. But when Mr Gardiner, Lydia’s uncle asked him, to marry her he accepted as Mr Gardiner offered to pay off all his debts if he married her as it would redeem some respect towards them from others as they would be married. Mr Gardiner wrote to Mr Bennet to tell him what had happened, later Mr Bennet talked to Jane about the situation. â€Å"Yes, yes, they must marry. There is nothing else to be done. But there are two things that I want to know: one, how much money your uncle has laid down to bring it about; and the other, how I am I ever to pay him.† This quotation shows that Mr Bennet thinks marriage is the right thing to do but is very concerned about how he shall pay back the money to Mr Gardiner. In this proposal love doesn’t play a role for Wickham as he doesn’t feel any consideration or affection for Lydia but I think Lydia loves Wickham and is perhaps naive enough to think that he loves her back. Money plays a huge role for Wickham as he is only going to marry Lydia for the money he is going to receive from her uncle, which will pay off all his debts it also means that he will be related to Jane and Lizzie who are married to very wealthy men. Status and the views of others play no role for either of them as they ran away together regardless of what other people thought. The last proposal I am going to look at is the second proposal between Mr Darcy and Lizzie. After the refusal of his last proposal Darcy has done all he can to get back into Lizzie’s good books. He got Mr Bingley and Jane back together after separating them. Mr Darcy was also really hurt by Lizzie’s remark to him after she refused his hand in marriage. † Had you behaved in a more gentlemen like manner.† This hurt Mr Darcy as he felt he was a perfect gentlemen but when he looked back at how he behaved towards Lizzie and her family he realised he had behaved appallingly. However Mr Darcy still felt the same about Lizzie he even felt he loved her more and he now thought that nothing else mattered so he decided he would ask Lizzie for her hand in marriage again. Mr Darcy went to visit Lizzie as his aunt, Lady Catherine De Bourgh had come to see her and warn her off from marrying Mr Darcy although Lizzie didn’t intend too as she thought all feelings for her from Mr Darcy were over by then. Lady Catherine De Bourgh tried to stop Lizzie from marrying Mr Darcy. â€Å"You are determined to ruin him in the opinion of all his friends, and him the contempt of the world.† Lizzie was agitated at such a comment as she had no intention in marrying Mr Darcy as she had not spoken to Mr Darcy for months but this made her think about her real feelings for Darcy, she discovered that from hate she had started to like Mr Darcy even love him. Mr Darcy proposed to Lizzie on a lane outside her house. Lizzie accepted his proposal and showed remorse for how she treated him in the past. Mr Darcy was overwhelmed by her answer. â€Å"The happiness which this reply was such as he had probably never felt before, and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do!† This quotation shows how strongly Mr Darcy felt for Lizzie, as he was so happy from her acceptance in his hand of marriage. Lizzie was so excited by the marriage that she went and told her family straight away. She spoke to Mr Bennet and he wasn’t so sure if Lizzie loved Mr Darcy as it wasn’t so long ago she hated him, he wanted to make sure that Lizzie wasn’t marrying him for his or her mother’s sake. â€Å"My child let me not have the grief of seeing you unable to respect your partner in life. You know not what you are about.† This quotation is basically Mr Bennet saying to Lizzie that it might be great at the moment but make sure you still will feel the same way in the later future as he is saying that he doesn’t want her to end up like him not respecting his partner, Mrs Bennet. This shows how protective Mr Bennet is over Lizzie, as he only wants her to marry if she is sure it is the right thing to do. In this proposal love plays a big role as it alimented all the other aspects as they loved each other so much in the end that it didn’t matter how much money they had, what status they were and they definitely didn’t care what other people thought about the marriage especially as Mr Darcy was disowned by his aunt Lady Catherine De Bourgh due to his marriage to Lizzie. But Mr Bennet and the family where very pleased for Lizzie as they knew it was for love. Lizzie and Jane had a joint wedding, which made it more special for both of them. In the 19th Century marriage was thought of as a must for women and if you were over the age of 26 years old you were considered as ‘on the shelf’, which made it hard for woman to get married over that age. There were also many issues that a woman had to think about before they got married, whether they were in love which wasn’t a major issue but it was though of as a bonus if they were. Money and status played a huge role in deciding who to marry, rich men went for women of the same class or a bit higher which made it difficult for woman of a lower class or without much wealth to marry a wealthier or higher classed man. It was thought of as unethical to marry someone beneath you in any state. The influence of others played a big role in those days as people were put under a lot of pressure to get married as soon as possible and to someone higher up the society ladder. As you can see the attitudes to marriage in the 19th Century in which these characters lived in is very different to the attitudes in which we live in today.